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24-09-2006, 05:00 PM
November 7
Saint Vincent PHẠM HIẾU LIÊM
Dominican Priest
(1732-1773)

*Conference of Four Religions.

Reviewing the martyrs’ lives, we can see that they were witnesses for Christ twice: with their lives and with their words. They had talked to profess their faith. Some corrected falsifications, some explained theology. But the most fascinating story among the 117 Vietnamese martyrs’ stories was the three-day discussion between two Catholic priests, Fr. Vincent Liêm and his friend Fr. Jacinto Gia, and representatives of the three other major religions in Vietnam at the time: Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism.

Where does man come from? What is the purpose of life? What happens after death? Those were the three biggest issues of mankind that were discussed in the conference of four religions. The polite and precise words, superb analysis on the history together with excerpts from writings from Confucius, Lao-tze as well as Buddhism as recorded in the book “Conference of Four Religions” which was reprinted 14 times in Sài gòn[1] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftn1), will forever remind us of Fr. Vincent Liêm, the book’s author and one of the panelists as well as the first Vietnamese priest being martyred.

*Vincent of Peace.

Vincent Phạm Hiếu Liêm was welcomed into this world in 1732, in the hamlet of Thôn Đông, Trà Lũ village, Thiên Trường city, Sơn Nam Hạ province. His father, Mr. Antôn Doãn, was one of the hamlet leaders. His mother, Mrs. Maria Doãn, was very religious, devoting her life to raise her children. At 12, Liêm entered the monastic life at the seminary in Lục Thuỷ. After 6 years of education and training, he exhibited intelligent and spiritual traits that caught the eyes of Dominican priests working in the east vicariate of Tonkin. Vicar Espinoza Huy chose him as one of the men awarded scholarship from the king of Spain, and sent him to Manila (The Philippines) to further his education at the Juan de Letran institution.

After three years of overachieving at school, he joined the Dominican order and received his habits on 9/9/1753. The following year, he solemnly professed sacred vows along with three other Vietnameses[2] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftn2), adopting the nom-de-guerre Vincent of Peace (VINHSƠN HOÀ BÌNH). Thereafter, Vincent of Peace started the four years of theology and was ordained a priest in 1758.

After the ordination Fr. Liêm began his repatriation to serve his homeland. On October 3rd, 1758, he could not hide his emotions saying farewell to his professors and friends before boarding the ship to go home after eight years of friendship. Arriving in Trung Linh on 1/20/1759, he could not hold his tears of joy reuniting with Vicar Huy who met him at the dock, as well as relatives, fellow villagers, and Christians who were also eagerly awaiting the “triumphant” homecoming of a priest returning from foreign studies.

*The Messenger of Good News.

Back in Vietnam, at first Fr. Vincent Liêm was appointed a professor at Trung Linh seminary. He poured all his skills and energy to transfer all his knowledge to students. But the real wish of Fr. Vincent of Peace was to spread the Good News of peace to others. Not too long after, he left the seminary to enter the field of evangelization. In turn, he assumed pastoral responsibilities for parishes: Quất Lâm, Lục Thuỷ, Trung Lễ, Trung Linh, Trung Lao and when Fr. Jacinto Gia was arrested, he also served the Lai Ổn region.

His missionary works were not only limited to the parishes but also expanded to the villages on non-believers, regardless of danger of the religious persecution, especially under Lord Trịnh Sâm (1767-1782). No matter where it was, he always demonstrated his ardent love and care to all, as a result people really loved him. He encouraged all to be brave; consoled those who were in anguish, and never hesitated doing things that would benefit them spiritually.

Although very successful in his missions, he was never satisfied with himself. In his letters, we can still read: “I beg the bishop and the provincial to ask God, during mass and in your prayers, for me to be better and to accept difficulties as God’s will.” Due to the work of missionaries, a prince, the sixth brother of Lord Trịnh Doanh, wanted to receive the sacrament of baptism before his death. Fr. Liêm received the news as the joy of the Vietnamese Church, and announced the news to the provincial in Manila[3] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftn3).

admin
24-09-2006, 05:00 PM
*Testimonials in the Public Conference.

In 1773, Fr. Vincent Liêm was preaching at Lương Đống parish, preparing them for feast day of Our Lady of the Rosary. Informed, government officials ordered Mr. Điều Cam leading soldiers to arrest the priest at Mr. Nhiêu Nhuệ’s home on February 10th. After a bout of savage beatings, they tied him and the two altar boys, Matthew Vũ and Joseph Bích, and took them to the canton chief Xích Bích. The canton chief jailed him for 12 days. No longer able to wait for ransom money that never came, he sent the priest to the Phổ Hiền city officials. There, Fr. Vincent Liêm met up with another Dominican priest, Fr. Castaneda Gia, who was already in jail. The two were happy having the opportunity to share the hardship of prison life.

On October 10th, the city official ordered the two priests carrying a cangue inscribed with the words “French Missionary”, and then entrusted them to the Thần Khê mandarin for their transportation to the royal capital of Thăng Long (Hanoi) to appear before Lord Trịnh Sâm. Here was the place that the conference of four religions took place.

Lord Trịnh Sâm had an uncle who was also a high-ranking government official. The high-ranking official’s mother, Mrs. Thượng Trâm of Hải Dương, was a Christian convert who often advised her son to convert. So this official had the idea of calling on representatives of the four religions for a conference to talk about their religion. He said: “My heart which loves the truth wants to know which religion is the right one to follow.” The exchange lasted three days, each day on a topic on the origin of life, the purpose of life, and life after death. Fr. Liêm and Fr. Gia, representing Christianity, had explained so superbly that the mandarin applauded enthusiastically. But knowing that Lord Trịnh Sâm still banned Christianity, he did not convert[4] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftn4).

A few days later, the two priests had an opportunity to talk about Christianity with the Queen Mother, Thái Tôn, Lord Trịnh Sâm’s mother. Due to her curiosity, she invited them in. The real conversation was never known, but the last question from the Queen Mother was: “If your religion is the only true one, then where non-believers go after their deaths?” Fr. Liêm replied: “Her Majesty, they will go to hell!”[5] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftn5) Hearing that the Queen Mother, Thái Tôn, became enraged, and using her position as the mother, forced her son, Lord Trịnh Sâm, to sentence the two priests to die by beheading and to banish the two altar boys who were later freed after paying 100 piasters.

On November 7th, the two priests were led to their execution followed by a big crowd. When the procession arrived at the royal palace, a courtier read the sentence. According to royal tradition at the time, the king could pardon the prisoners. Another courtier raised his voice: “The European religion has been forbidden, but until now, no Vietnamese had been executed because of this religion[6] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftn6), so His Majesty pardons the individual named Liêm.” Upon hearing that, Fr. Liêm quickly answered:

“Whatever reasons for which Fr. Gia will be executed, I should be executed for he same reasons. Fr. Gia is a priest and I am also a priest. If the laws of the land do not punish me, then they should not punish Fr. Gia. I am a Vietnamese, so I should follow the laws more than he does. If Fr. Gia is executed while I am pardoned, then the king’s sentence is unjust. I beg to pardon both or to execute both. Then the sentence is just.”

Fr. Liêm’s unmistakable words probably came from the spirit of brotherhood, unwilling to abandon a brother, or really were meant to petition for the pardon of the priest friend, because they really touched those present who all wanted both to be pardoned. Those words were also came from the desire to sacrifice his life to be a witness for the true faith.

Nevertheless the sentence did not change. The two heroes of faith cheerfully said the Nicennes’ creed and the prayer venerating Our Lady the Queen on the way to the execution field of Đông Mơ. The two fatal swings of the sabers helped them achieve their mission of being perfect witnesses for Christ. Their bodies were taken and buried in Trung Linh.

On 5/20/1906 Pope Pius X elevated to the rank of blessed. Separately Saint Vincent Phạm Hiếu Liêm was chosen to be patron saint of many schools among them is the Juan de Latran in the Philippines. The saint really was the shining symbol of honor for Vietnam to the outside world.

admin
24-09-2006, 05:02 PM
Saint Jacinto CASTANEDA GIA
Dominican Priest
(1743-1773)

*Mother’s Thanksgiving Prayer...

At the end 1773, the news of Fr. Castaneda’s death for faith arrived to his native land of Spain. The saint’s younger brother, Clemente, was the first to know, so he took great care in informing his mother. Astonished, she asked: “Why did my Jacinto die. Was he sick or executed?” Fearing the fact that his brother died so young at the tender age of 30 would make his mother sad, Clemente asked her back: “So you want Jacinto, your son, executed?” Clemente continued: “Mother, they beheaded him for his faith.” Right that afternoon, she went to the Dominican church to sing the thanksgiving hymn TE DEUM with Dominican clerics.

*Commitment and Hardship.

Jacinto Castaneda Gia was born on 10/13/1743 in Jativa of the diocese of Valencia, Spain. He was blessed with a uniquely good look. Many compared his good look to angels in paintings by Spain’s gifted painter, Murille (1682). Additionally, the handsome young man with had a very noble heart had decided early to offer his life to serve God and to spread the Good News to the world. To achieve the lofty ideal, he entered the Dominican order at the monastery of St. Philip in Valencia.

His fervor of evangelization led Jacinto to the Philippines in 1762. After his ordination, he volunteered to go to China. Although China was under religious persecution, he arrived on 1/4/1766 along with Fr. Lavilla to start their missionary work in Phúc Kiến. After three years of service, on 7/18/1769 the two priests were arrested and jailed for 15 days in Phú An, then spent 2 months with 14 interrogations in Phúc Kiến before finally extradited to Macao.

In Macao they met two other Dominican priests who were on their way to Vietnam, so not giving up nor giving in, Fr. Jacinto Castaneda and Fr. Lavilla asked the provincial to allow them to accompany the two priests to Vietnam. The four priests then boarded the ship for North Vietnam on 2/23/1770. Fr. Jacinto Castaneda Gia went to Trung Linh to study the Vietnamese language and customs for 6 months, and was sent to the region of Lai Ổn, Kẻ Diên, Thái Ninh prefecture. He described his duties: “Presently, I am responsible for a large area with more than 60 churches and 2 native priests. Actually, I do not have the capability to carry out every thing that needs to be done.”

Because the 60 villages that Fr. Jacinto Gia was responsible for were scattered at great distance from one another, he had to travel constantly from village to village, so not long after, his health deteriorated quickly. However, he continued to visit each and every parish. Christians loved him, but non-Christians tried different tricks to arrest him for ransom or monetary reward. Therefore, he had to relocate constantly to avoid prowling eyes.

After three years of missionary work, on 7/12/1773 after offering the sacrament of healing to a sick person in Lai Ổn, on their way back to Kẻ Điền, Fr. Jacinto Gia and catechist Tân entered a trap set by the Thần Khê mandarin. Doing misdirection, catechist Tân alertly rowed the boat to the other side of the river Luộc, then quickly turned around and sneaked into the village of Gia Đạo. Unknown to them, the homeowner of the house where they were hiding went to the government to give them up for reward, so both were arrested.

Through an intermediary who was also the canton chief of Xích Bích, the mandarin demanded a ransom of 3,000 piasters. He replied: “If you want to release me, then release me. I don’t have any money. I am ready to accept sufferings including death.” After many days of torturing the priest, the mandarin, having lost all hope of any ransom money, had him brought to the magistrate of Sơn Nam city in Phổ Hiền (currently Hưng Yên), where he was put in jail.

By middle October of 1773 he happily encountered a new prisoner, Fr. Vincent Liêm who was arrested on October 2nd at Lương Đông, and also in the custody of the canton chief of Xích Bích for 12 days before being transferred here. It was a great joy for the two priests from the same religious order to have each other in jail as well as in the glory of martyrdom. On October 20, the city magistrate had cangues carved with the words “European Priest”[7] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftn7) put on the two priests, handed them over to the Thần Khê mandarin who escorted them to Thăng Long (Hanoi).

*Adoring the Cross in a Lord’s Palace.

In the imperial city of Thăng Long, the two priests of the preachers’ order had ample opportunities to swap conversation with courtiers. The most noteworthy discussion was called the “Conference Of Four Religions” between representatives of four religions, namely: Confucianism, Taoism. Buddhism, and Christianity. The three subjects on the agenda were: What is humans’ origin? What is the purpose of life? Where do people go after death? With his experience of having worked in Phúc Kiến, China, Fr. Jacinto Gia had skillfully used Chinese references and sayings to bolster his debate, which won the admiration from the organizer who was also Lord Trịnh Sâm’s uncle.

Lord Trịnh Sâm himself was also curious about Christianity. One day he requested Fr. Jacinto Gia to perform for him and his court some religious rites, which the priest quickly complied by putting on the vestment while explained the vestment meanings and religious teachings. Then he placed the crucifix in front of the lord’s throne, knelt down to kiss it and said in Vietnamese the prayer of contrition, the Nicene’s Creed, and the Our Father. He continued by holding an icon of the Blessed Mother up high and said the prayer ”Salve Regina”. His acts and prayers deeply touched those present. Bus his fate had been decided in the lord’s decree. Unfortunately, his sentence came earlier due to Lord Trịnh Sâm’s mother.

admin
24-09-2006, 05:02 PM
*When the Queen Mother Became Angry...

Lord Trịnh Sâm’s mother was a devout Baddish. When she heard that there were two priests who were not only young and cerebral, but also good-looking as well as articulate, she immediately summoned them. The two priests were then led before the Queen Mother. After a long friendly exchange, she suddenly asked: “If your religion is the only true one, then where non-believers go after their deaths?” Fr. Liêm replied: “Her Majesty, they will go to hell!”[8] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftn8) Enraged at his response, the Queen Mother, without listening to any further explanation, wanted the two priests executed immediately. From then on, the two priests were separated and isolated. On 11/4/1773 after some deliberation Lord Trịnh Sâm announced the death sentences.

On 11/7/1773 the authorities led the two disciples to the execution field of Đồng Mơ. During the trip, the two silently asked God to forgive their sins, said the Nicene Creed and sang the “Salve Regina”. The two witnesses of Christ received the crown of martyrdom. Fr. Jacinto Gia was only 30 then with 6 years of combined service in China and Vietnam. But his spilled blood had helped so many seeds of Good News to quietly germinate.

The martyrs’ bodies were solemnly buried at the Trung Linh church. On 11/13/1775, in a speech before the College of Cardinals, Pope Pius VI had mentioned their triumphant victory.

On 5/20/1900 Pope Pius X elevated them to the rank of blessed.

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[1] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftnref1) Imprimorie de la Mission, Tân Định 1959.

[2] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftnref2) John Thi Công, Peter Thiêng, John Huy.
Bùi Đức Sinh, Dominican Order TĐ Việt, V.I, p. 83.

[3] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftnref3) The two letters of 6/17/1764 were sent to the Provincial Pedro Yre and Bishop Bernado Veraria, the new bishop of Nueva Segovia.

[4] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftnref4) The book “Hội đồng tứ giáo,” which was in circulation in Bắc Hà, affirmed the existence of two priests imprisoned in Thăng Long under the period of King Cảnh Hưng and Lord Trịnh Sâm: an European and a native. Gispert (pp. 276-277) confirmed that the priests were Fr. Gia and Fr. Liêm.

[5] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftnref5) For more information, see Fr. Gia p.282.

[6] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftnref6) The mandarin probably did not remember that Francis was martyred in around 1630-1631 in Bắc Hà. Xc Võ Long Tê, Lịch sử văn học CGVN Sài gòn 1961, p. 97.

[7] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftnref7) At this time, people called priests as "teacher of religion".

[8] (http://www.gpnt.net/diendan/newreply.php?do=newreply&noquote=1&p=3572#_ftnref8) See Fr. Gia.