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admin
25-07-2006, 08:34 PM
September 21
Saint Francis JACCARD PHAN (NINH)
Society of Foreign Missions of ParisPriest
(1799-1838)

* A Woeful and Majestic Life.

If martyrdom is considered a woeful and majestic drama, then Saint Francis Jaccard Phan’s martyrdom was one of the most majestic: 10 years of imprisonment, 20 months in banishment, and three death sentences. Rising up from these miseries was the portrait of a courageous hero. He had overcome hunger, thirst and malaria, had remained absolutely faithful to the truth of the Word of forgiving and serving those who harmed him. He was brave in the face of obstacles and gave up all the luxuries as observed by Bishop Cuénot Thể: “The person who has nothing left to lose, has always gone forward to win over mankind.”

* A Farmer's Courage.

Born on 9/6/1799 in Onion in the Savoie region of France, in a poor but religious farmer’s family. When he was young, Francis Jaccard preferred the playground to school. There was nothing more interesting than playing in the vast rolling green field. Sent by his parents to Mélan minor seminary, Jaccard was always the student “bringing up the bottom,” so he became discouraged and went home. However, encouraged by his family and friends, and moreover he desired to be a priest, he asked to return to the seminary and promised to everyone that he would try his best.

In fact, Jaccard had kept his promise. With diligence and effort, he finished his studies at Mélan minor seminary, and then entered the major seminary of Chambéry diocese in 1819. Two years later, Jaccard joined the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris, and was ordained into the priesthood on 3/15/1823. Immediately, Fr. Jaccard was appointed director of the major seminary. But he told his superiors: “I came here to go overseas to evangelize, not to stay in this Paris.”

On 7/10/1823 Fr. Jaccard boarded a ship in Bordeaux leaving his beloved homeland. On 11/25/1824 the ship docked at Macao, but the missionary did not reach the Diocese of the Cochin China until February 1826. After studying Vietnamese at An Ninh seminary, he took the Vietnamese name Phan, worked at Nhu Lý Phủ Cam, and then became director of An Ninh seminary (Quảng Trị).

* The Spirit of Wholehearted Service.

In June 1827 King Minh Mạng summoned to Huế three missionaries: Tabert Từ, Gagelin Kính and Odorico Phương, with the pretense of needing them as interpreters and to translate books. During the first three months, the three priests were treated amicably; they could minister to the Huế Christians. But as if they were in light detention in Cung Quán, they were under constant guard; their movements were always watched by three soldiers. Toward yearend, with the intervention Viceroy Lê Văn Duyệt, the three were freed. However in July 1828, soldiers brought a hand carriage to take Fr. Jaccard Phan to the royal capital. He lived in Cung Quán to translate French documents into Vietnamese. Feeling too “hands tied” in Cung Quán for pastoral works, Fr. Jaccard Phan asked the king to relocate him to Dương Sơn, which was 15 kilometers away from the capital, to help Christians as well as to translate books for the royal court. During this time, he translated books on Napoleon, the English conquest of India, European and American histories, and taught French to persons sent by the king. The king wanted to reward him with royal honors, but he refused.

Learning of King Minh Mạng’s 40th birthday, he sought permission to organize an eight-day celebration, praying for the king with solemn services. Beside Catholics, pagans attended in droves. Many pagans became interested in the Catholic faith; among them were a number of courtiers and the king’s eldest sister.

* King Minh Mạng’s “Soldier”.

In September 1831 Dương Sơn village under Fr. Jaccard Phan’s care was harassed by Cổ Lão villagers and incriminated for land annexation. Then because Cổ Lão villagers did not have any proof, they denounced Dương Sơn villagers as Christians. Immediately 73 people were imprisoned and each was given 50 canes; the village deputy chief was banished while the village chief and Fr. Jaccard Phan were condemned to death. King Minh Mạng showed more leniencies toward Fr. Jaccard Phan, he changed the death sentence to military service and enlisted the priest into the royal military. He was brought back Cung Quán to continue translating books and documents.

During this period Fr. Jaccard Phan met King Minh Mạng many times. The king also asked him to explain pictures of the Old as well as of the New Testaments. God’s disciple took the opportunities to explain to the king Christianity, God the Creator, the immortal soul and reward and punishment after death. One time, he had the audacity to send the king a catechism book for the catechumen. In return, the king sent the Minister of State to demand that the priest completely burn all those religious books, but he refused. The minister said: “I forgive you, but before the royal council, you have to say that all the books had been sent back to France, and promise to stop preaching.” He replied: “His Honor, you know that our religion forbids lying; as to preaching, I cannot obey.” The minister continued: “So you will be condemned to death.” The priest responded: “I had been sentenced to death once, one more means nothing.” King Minh Mạng learned of the story, but chose to ignore it; he only had the priest guarded more closely than before.

admin
25-07-2006, 08:35 PM
* The Indomitable Prisoner.

In January 1833 after the declaration of the nationwide ban of Christianity, Fr. Jaccard Phan had a companion, Fr. Odorido Phương of the Franciscan Order who was arrested in Cái Nhum. Together they lived side by side for a year and a half, sharing the good as well as the bad time, welcomed a special prisoner, Fr. Gagelin Kính, and connected with his martyrdom. Every night the two priests celebrated mass secretly; sacramental objects were hidden under the floor. Many mornings, the two helped each other prepared for martyrdom, but God’s time had not arrived.

During this time, a rebellion led by Lê Văn Khôi was spreading in the South. Hearing rumors that Catholics were corroborating in big numbers and getting nervous, King Minh Mạng wrote a letter asking them to surrender and asked the missionaries to endorse. The two priests then spent the whole night composing another letter to Christians. In the letter, they emphasized that opposition to the king would only brought injury to the faith, and that the Good News never condoned brothers killing brothers. All was for naught; the number of Catholics in the rebellion was small, so the result from the letter was minimal.

Furious, King Minh Mạng ordered the execution of the two priests. Fortunately the king’s mother, King Mother Thuận Thiên, intervened. She did not want her son to commit immoral atrocities and advised the king to be mindful of France’s revenge. Therefore, the sentence was changed to permanent exile at Lao Bảo (bordering Laos), a dense and poisonous jungle. After 10 days of climbing mountains and crossing rivers, on 12/12/1833 the two priests reached their destination, a jail fenced by pointed stakes. Their greatest consolation was visits and food brought by Christians.

Unfortunately, less than a month later, the king installed a more stringent prison warden and told him to entice the two priests to reject their faith. Unsuccessful in tempting them to renounce their faith, the prison warden immediately transferred to a solitary camp, put in a small hut, reduced their ration and limited their visitation. Additionally, he confiscated all their books and stationery. Fr. Odorico Phương often joked: “God saw clumsiness in my missionary work, so he turned me into a cook. I cook; Fr. Jaccard washes the dishes. But there is nothing to put in the pot.”

Besides a daily ration of smaller and smaller palm-size rice, the two priests had to pick wild vegetable, green bananas to boil with a sprinkle of salt to survive. The austere life, hunger, and heinous malaria took away the life of Fr. Jaccard Phan’s friend. Fr. Cha Odorico Phương passed away on 5/25/1834 after a bedridden week. Left behind by his friend, Fr. Jaccard Phan miraculously survived 20 months in exile. He was also inflicted with malaria and dysentery, but he overcame them. Moreover, he continued pastoral work in jail, studied Laotian just in case he might have an opportunity of evangelize there. He also compiled a book of Cham (descendents of Champa Kingdom in middle Vietnam) words with the help of Champa inmates.

* Used Up, Hung Dry.

In September of 1835 looking for help, King Minh Mạng brought him back to a jail in Cam Lộ (Quảng Trị) to work as a professor. The king sent over 6 young men for the priest to teach them French, but forbid him to tell anything about Christianity. The king asked him to talk about the geography, history, as well as customs and laws of the West. The king also wanted the priest to educate him on Eastern culture, especially on Japanese laws. Although all these works was very strenuous, he was still committed to the king, as he said: “I want to show that I have to do good to win over bad.”

During his three years in Cam Lộ, Fr. Francis Jaccard Phan’s greatest joy was his daily mass in jail. The altar was a small board on top of two chairs; he celebrated mass late at night, then immediately put everything away. Because he was well respected by the authorities, he could escape easily. Even Bishop Thể also suggested the same idea, but the priest did not follow through, because he knew that the authorities would pursue him unscrupulously, and it would hurt Christians for many would be arrested because of him.

A big vent in early 1838 completely changed Fr. Jaccard Phan. At the destruction of An Ninh seminary near Di Loan, its director, Fr. Candalh Kim, escaped to the mountain; the king poured his anger on Fr. Jaccard Phan “the accomplice guilty through letters.” On July 3, he was handcuffed, interrogated, and then put in cangue and shackle to be taken to Quảng Trị.

* The Road to Mount of Golgotha.

In Quảng Trị, the mandarin had the missionary tortured and flogged from nine o’clock in the morning till noon, tearing up many whips, to force the priest to renounce his faith. The priest replied: “My faith is not from the king, so I don’t have to renounce my faith as the king wishes.” Another time, he was tortured with a red-hot forceps gripping at his thighs causing his flesh to burn; even very painful, he still remained faithful.

Since 7/18/1838 he shared his jail cell with seminarian Thomas Thiện. The two, father and student, thanked God and prayed for His help. The death petition from Quảng Trị was sent to the royal capital requesting the beheading sentence, but King Minh Mạng changed it to death by strangulation and signed on September 17. On morning on September 21, 1838, the authorities led to two out of jail to a hill in Nhan Biều village (Quảng Trị). At the execution site, the two refused their last meal, and knelt down facing each other to pray.

Following Fr. Jaccard Phan’s desire of seeing his student’s loyalty with his own eyes, soldiers executed seminarian Thomas Thiện first. Then, they looped a rope around the priest, pulled it sending his soul to Heaven.

When in formed of Fr. Jaccard Phan’s death, his mother exclaimed: “It really is good news, our family has a martyr.” She continued: “Praise the Lord. I always had a fear that I will be pained if my son surrenders under sufferings and tortures.”

The bodies of the two martyrs were buried at the place of execution until 1947 when they were exhumed and brought the seminary of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris.

Pope Leo XIII elevated Fr. Francis Jaccard Phan to the rank of blessed on 5/27/1900.

Hoàng Tôn Thất

admin
25-07-2006, 08:39 PM
Saint Thomas TRẦN VĂN THIỆN
Seminarian
(1820-1838)

* Heroic Youth.

In a court session in 1838, the judicial mandarin became emotional before a young, handsome, and gentle prisoner with a bright future, and he said softly to the prisoner:

“If you renounce your faith, I will marry my daughter to you and arrange for you to become a mandarin.”

The young man, Thomas Trần Văn Thiện, emphatically replied:

“I only want a heavenly position, not earthly positions.”

Although only 18 years old, the age of loving life, and having never experienced life’s travails as well as not well trained in catechism, Thomas Thiện, who was only at the threshold of the seminary, had dealt skillfully with repression not any less than any other soldier of faith in the world. In fact, he comprehended Christ’s words: “What profit would there be for one to gain the whole world and forfeit his life?” (Matthew 16: 26)

* Do You Want to live as a “chú” With Me?

“Chú Thiện,” “Chú” (uncle in Vietnamese) is an honor or title people use to call seminarians to show respect, was born in 1820 in a Christian family in the village Trung Quán, Quảng Bình province.

Sister Magdalene Yến, his contemporary witness recounted: “Chú Thiện has an aunt, Sister Nghị, who was Mother Superior of our convent in Trung Quán. Visiting his aunt often, Chú Thiện was always obedient, gentle, and respectful of others. When a priest celebrated mass at his home, he knelt and participated seriously. At about nine, he started studied the Nho language, he seemed very intelligent, perseverant, and advanced quickly.

He once accompanied his aunt Nghị to mass in the community of Mỹ Lương. Visiting the priests afterward, they asked him: “Do you wan to enter religious life?” Thomas Thiện did not give them an answer. However, a short time later, people started seeing him at the rectory with Fr. Chính of Kẻ Sen parish where he learned Latin.

* Look at My Blood Flowing Out.

Due to his good-nature and intelligence, at 18 (1838), he was called to Di Loan seminary in Quảng Trị province by its director, Fr. Candalh Kim. Enthusiastically Thomas Thiện accompanied by his sister Sao embarked on the trip to the seminary. On the way, they was informed by Sister Yến, who was returning from Di Loan, that Fr. Candalh Kim had fled because the authorities were searching for him, and she urged them to turn back. But Thomas Thiện was determined: “Even if we cannot see father director, I sill have to go there to see for myself. Father had called, how can we turn back before getting there.”

Arrived at the seminary, the sister and brother team saw Fr. Tự who told them: “We are not even done with our getaway, now that you come, it will become more difficult for us.” His sister Sao replied “Father, my brother asked me to take him here because of the invitation letter from the father director. We did not know that the persecution had occurred so abruptly.”

Two days later, soldiers surrounded Di Loan village and searched every house. Unsuccessful in the arrest of Fr. Candalh Kim who had escaped to the forest, they arrested a number of Christians among them was Thomas Thiện and took them to the provincial capital of Quảng Trị.

Learning of Thomas Thiện as one of Fr. Candalh Kim’s seminarian, the Quảng Trị governor had him interrogated thoroughly for information on the father director’s whereabouts. The mandarin urged him to renounce his faith, if not he would be executed. Thomas Thiện responded sincerely: “I live in Trung Quán, Quảng Bình province. I came here in search for a teacher to study my religion. The religion teaching me to worship God is the true religion, I rather die than renounce my faith.”

On numerous occasions, the mandarin gave him many reasons to abandon his faith: his young age, his bright future, his prospect for advancements. Moreover, the mandarin even wanted Thomas Thiện to become his son-in-law, and he would arrange for the marriage. But Thomas Thiện refused: “I only want a heavenly position, not earthly positions.”

Not everyone could utter those straightforward words. Among those arrested, many felt sorry for his rejecting the “golden opportunity.” The mandarin had to admire the student-looking young man’s courage. But he became angry at the young man’s rejection of his “generosity” and “good heartedness,” and ordered him 40 canes. Forty canes on the skinny body caused blood to seep through his clothes, but the witness remained unnerved, and bravely said:

“Look at my blood flowing out.”

Seeing his exceptional courage, the mandarin had him put in a cangue and thrown in jail.

While in prison, Thomas Thiện did not have any relative visiting and supplying food. At first, Di Loan Christians arrested with him shared a little food with him, but they stopped. They had listened to the mandarin’s enticement to be released. Even so, the mandarin still did not free them immediately, because he wanted these weaklings to pressure Thomas Thiện who continued to hang on to his faith.

Thomas Thiện was interrogated and beaten two more times, but he still remained happy and willing. At each cane beating on him, he prayed: “God, give me strength so that I can suffer for you.” Additionally, he was exposed in the sun and tortured with forceps, but the young hero was not deterred demonstrating an exceptional perseverance and an uncommon faith.

* Together in Suffering, Together in Glory.

Powerless before Thomas Thiện’s steely faith, the mandarin had him jailed together with Fr. Jaccard Phan. The two were joyous seeing each other. Thomas Thiện was consoled, encouraged and given the sacrament of confession by the priest, who, on the other hand, was happy of having a brave spiritual son. The two prayed, encouraged each other and determined to be faithful till the end.

Faced with the indomitable spirit of the two Christ’s witnesses, the mandarin decided to sentence both to death by beheading. Thomas Thiện’s sentence read:

“Thiện was lured by Christianity; he did not reject his faith even being tortured, therefore he had to die like his priest.”

The sentence was sent to the royal capital. A month later, King Minh Mạng approved and changed beheading to strangulation. Anxiously waiting for the sentence, Thomas Thiện told Fr. Jaccard Phan: “Father, they prolong our life; why don’t they martyr us so that we can unite with God forever.” He also wrote a farewell letter to his family encouraging them to maintain their faith.

On morning of 9/21/1838 the two Christ’s witnesses were led to the execution site in Nhan Biểu village, Quảng Trị. Passing in front of a restaurant, the commanding officer stopped to offer the prisoners their traditional last meals. Fr. Jaccard Phan did not eat anything, Thomas Thiện told the priest: “I also will not eat anything to attend the heavenly party of eternal happiness, right father?” At the execution site, Thomas Thiện knelt before Fr. Jaccard Phan; soldiers removed the cangue and put a rope around his neck. At the execution command, executioners pulled the rope and the head of the 18-years old martyr lowered. Fr. Jaccard Phan was executed similarly.

Unlike other executions, there was not any Christian at this execution to bury their bodies. Pagans buried them right at the execution site. In 1847 the martyrs’ bodies were exhumed and taken to the seminary of the Society of Foreign Missions of Paris.

On 5/27/1900 Pope Leo XIII elevated seminarian Thomas Trần Văn Thiện to the rank of blessed.

Hoàng Tôn Thất